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Yuhuan Jinhong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Alnico Magnets
Alnico Magnets
Alnico Magnets
Alnico Magnets
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Ferrite Magnets
Ferrite Magnets

Alnico Magnets

AlNiCo permanent magnet materials can be divided into two categories according to the manufacturing process: cast AlNiCo series and powder sintered AlNiCo series. They are more heat-resistant than NdFeB permanent magnets, and are widely used, with a maximum temperature resistance of 650 degrees.

Categories: Alnico Magnets, Magnets
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  • Description
Description

Alnico Magnets: Overview

Alnico megnets, short for Aluminum-Nickel-Cobalt, is one of the earliest permanent magnetic materials, composed of an alloy of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron, and trace elements. It was developed in the 1930s and was once the material of choice for permanent magnets, owing to its superior magnetic properties and low-temperature coefficient. Over time, with the advent of ferrite and rare-earth magnets, Alnico’s role in certain applications has diminished but remains essential in high-temperature and specialized uses.


Introduction

  • Composition: Alnico is a ferrous alloy with aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and sometimes copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), or other elements added for enhanced magnetic properties.
  • Properties:
    • High coercivity and a Curie temperature exceeding 800°C.
    • Produces magnetic fields up to 0.15 Tesla.
  • Manufacturing: Due to its brittleness and hardness, Alnico is manufactured through casting or sintering.

A notable Alnico alloy, Alnico-6 (8% Al, 16% Ni, 24% Co, 3% Cu, 1% Ti, balance Fe), has a maximum energy product of 3.9 MG·Oe, coercivity of 780 Oe, and a working temperature up to 525°C.


Types of Alnico Magnets

By Manufacturing Method

  1. Cast Alnico:
    • Allows production in various shapes and sizes.
    • Offers superior magnetic properties.
    • Suitable for high-temperature applications.
  2. Sintered Alnico:
    • Restricted to smaller dimensions.
    • Provides better dimensional tolerances and machinability.
    • Magnetic properties are slightly lower than cast Alnico.

By Magnetic Orientation

  • Isotropic: Equal magnetic properties in all directions.
  • Anisotropic: Magnetic properties are optimized along a specific direction.

Performance and Grades

Sintered Alnico Grades

Material Grade   Max.Energy Prouct

(BH)max

Remanence

Br

Intrinsic
CoercivityHcj
Coercivity

Hcb

Density Temperature coefficient Curie Temperature Remark
Kj/cm3 MGOe mT Gs KA/m Oe KA/m Oe g/cm3 %/k Tc ℃
FLN8 8-10 1.0-1.25 520 5200 43 540 40 500 6.7 -0.0020 760  

Isotropic

FLNG12 12-14 1.5-1.75 700 7000 43 540 40 500 7.1 -0.014 810
FLNGT18 14-16 1.75-2.0 570 5700 78 980 76 950 7.2 -0.020 850
FLNG28 18-22 2.25-2.75 600 6000 107 1350 95 1200 7.2 -0.020 850  

Anisotropic

FLNG34 28-33 3.5-4.15 1050 10500 47 590 46 580 7.2 -0.016 890
FLNGT28 34-38 4.3-4.8 1100 11000 51 640 50 630 7.2 -0.016 850
FLNG38J 38-40 4.75-5.0 730 7300 163 2050 151 1900 7.2 -0.200 850
FLNGT38 38-42 4.75-5.3 800 8000 126 1580 123 1550 7.2 -0.020 850
FLNGT42 42-48 5.3-6.0 880 8800 122 1530 120 1500 7.25 -0.020 850

Cast Alnico Grades

Material

Grade

USA Standard

Equal to MMPA

Max.Energy Prouct

(BH)max

Remanence

Br

Coercivity

Hcb

Density Temperature coefficient Curie Temperature Remark
Kj/cm3 MGOe mT Gs KA/m Oe g/cm3 %/k Tc ℃
LN9 Alnico1 9.0 1.13 680 6800 30 380 6.9 -0.03 760 Isotropic
LN10 10.0 1.20 600 6000 40 500 6.9 760
LNG12 Alnico2 12.4 1.55 720 7200 45 500 7.0 810
LNG13 13.0 1.60 700 7000 48 600 7.0 810
LNG34 Alnico5 34.0 4.30 1200 12000 48 600 7.3 -0.02 860 Anisotropic
LNG37 37.0 4.65 1200 12000 48 600 7.3
LNG40 Alnico5DG 40.0 5.00 1250 12500 48 600 7.3
LNG44 44.0 5.50 1250 12500 52 650 7.3
LNG52 Alnico5-7 52.0 6.50 1300 13000 56 700 7.3
LNGT28 Alnico6 28.0 3.50 1000 10000 58 720 7.3 -0.025 860
LNGT36J Alnico8H 36.0 4.50 700 7000 140 1750 7.3
LNGT32 Alnico8 32.0 4.0 800 8000 100 1250 7.3
LNGT40 40.0 5.0 800 8000 110 1380 7.3
LNGT60 Alnico9 60.0 7.50 900 9000 110 1380 7.3
LNGT72 72.0 900 1050 10500 112 1400 7.3

 


Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

  1. High Residual Induction: Up to 1.35 T, making Alnico magnets highly effective in maintaining a strong magnetic field.
  2. Excellent Thermal Stability: Low temperature coefficient (-0.02%/°C) and high operating temperatures (up to 600°C).

Disadvantages

  1. Low Coercivity: Typically below 160 KA/m, leading to vulnerability to demagnetization.
  2. Non-linear Demagnetization Curve: Requires careful application design.

Applications

Alnico magnets find use in various industries, including:

  • Electric Motors
  • Electric Guitar Pickups
  • Microphones
  • Sensors and Speakers
  • Traveling Wave Tubes (TWTs)
  • Cow Magnets: Used in agriculture to attract and capture metallic debris in cows’ stomachs.

While Alnico magnets have been largely replaced by rare-earth magnets for many applications, their unique properties make them irreplaceable in high-temperature and specific low-demagnetization settings.

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  • Home
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